Metal-working lathe and the like.



G. GORTON.

Patented Feb-8, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I a. eomoN. METAL WORKING LATHE AND THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 13, 1914.

1,170,890. v Patented Feb. 8, 1916.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2- THE COLU mmmmm LAlfUGRAPH co.. WASHINGTON, D. c.

en oat G n G on o N, o n

METAL-WORKING IQAT E 'AN Specification of Iletter si l atent.

and the objects and nature of the invention will be "readily understood by those skilled in the art in the light of the following explanation of the accompanying drawings illustrating what I now believe to bet-he preferred embodiment or mechanical expression from among other forms, arrangements, combinations and constructions within the spirit and scope of the invention.

An object of the invention is to provide certain improvements in lathes, particularly lathes of the facing type, for the purpose of attaining maximum compactness with increased strength and durability.

A further object of the invention is to provide certain improvements in lathe headstocks andin the rotary fac'e-plate-su'pporting-and-driving element mounted therein and carried thereby with theend in view of increasing lathe adaptability and efficiency.

A further object of the invention is to provide improvements in lathes for the purpose of increasing the power and accuracy thereof inaction.

A further object of the invention is to provide a lathe having an open-center headstock-of minimum length and of a diameter approximately equal to the diameter of the face plate, for the purpose of attaining accuracy and steadiness in action and compactness in the matter of floor space occupied.

and bolted to the opposite sides of the base.

i A further object of the invention is to provide certain improvements in engine lathes for the purpose 'of reducing the cost binations of elements whereby an improved ital c I ,w i s e N e lathe of the open center' and facing types will be-produced; 7 I

The invention consists in certain novel features :in construction and in combinations and arrangements as m'o're fully and pa'r- Patented. "Feb-S, 19 1 6; flpplieationfiledfipril 13, 1914. Serial No: 831,468; i

and highly dvantageous "metal-workingticula'rly set fortlrafnd specified hereinafter.

"Referring to the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1, is at-perspective of a facing latlfe' embodying my =invent1o'n, 'saic'l VIGW, being diagrammatical in "the matter of details and feed mechanism not involved in my invention. Fig. 2, is a vertical longitudinal 's'e'ction illustrating the base and head stock construction 0f Fig. 1, but more or less diagrammatical'lv illustrating bor ing apparatus applied "to the lathe. -Fi 'g. 3, is -'a detail longitudinal section through the head stock showing the pinion shaft and pinion. Fig. 4, is a *cross section through the lathe construction of Fig. 1. V

In the partioular example illustrated, show a horizontal bed or base 1, extending throughout the full length of the machine and of afge'neral io'blong shape having longitudi'n'a'l sides connected at their ends by cross portions or hea'ds.- The tops of the ends a re provided with centralalined pillars having 'ali'ned' bores 2, with removable *top caps 3, provi-ded with suitable bolts'i, whereby the caps can be secured "rigidly Tye-t removably to 'thebase ends. The'bores are in the line of the axis of rotation of the face plate or work holder hereinafter described.

Near the rear end of the bed or base, I rigidly fix an annular vertical :head stock 5,

arranged transverselyfof the base and rising therefrom and depending in theflongitudi:

n'a'l space or opening. between longitudinal sides of the base. This head stock is formed with strong usually heavy -"opposite approximately radial supporting lugs or arms 6, rigid with the head stock and resting on This headstock is ring-dike or annular, open at the center, approximately U-shaped in radial cross .section, andis preferably composed of two ring-like side qr enfd members or plates fitting together at their -outer edge portions to form "meeting joint around'the peripheralportion offth'e housing or head stock. These two "side orend sections are s'ecured "together by longitudinal bolts 8Q 'Theinner sages of the aanaiai abutting members, forming the headstock 5, are preferably circular and concentric to form the head stock with an enlarged central longitudinal opening therethrough, and this opening is occupied by a longitudinally hollow or open-center rotary drum 9, preferably projecting forwardly from the head stock and at its front end suitably formed as by annular seat 10, to removably receive the rear end portion of a face plate 11, clamped thereagainst and to the drum by any suitable means, such as bolts 12.

In the example illustrated, the face plate has an open center coinciding with the open center of the drum, and with a rearwardly extending annular flange 13, around its open center. Any suitable means can be employed for clamping or otherwise preferably removably securing the face plate to the drum, although in the example illustrated, I show longitudinal bolts 12, 15, for this purpose removably extending through the inner flange 14, of the drum and into the rear flange 13, of the face plate, to clamp the rear end of said flange 13, against the seat 10, of the drum. These bolts areaccessible and operative through the rear open end of the drum. This drum is provided with an exterior circular annular web 16, rigid with and supporting and driving the drum and arranged approximately midway the length of the drum and circumferentially formed with exterior gear teeth 17 so that the drum in effect forms the center or axial hub of an exterior gear wheel of enlarged diameter with respect to the diameter of the drum. This web is inclosed within the housing formed by the headstock, and the main bearings for the gear wheel and its hub are formed by and between the opposite side faces of the web and the opposite side walls of the housing or head stock to sustain the longitudinal and radial thrust of the drum and to maintain the same properly centered within the head stock. I can employ what are in effect annular double cone or tapered bearings for this purpose. For instance, I

, show the vertical annular rear end wall of the head stock formed with an annular V-rib 18, forming a pair of meeting converging or cone bearing faces, while the rear side face of the web of the gear is formed with a corresponding annular V-groove forming two meeting converging cone bearing faces 19. This groove receives said rib with the bearing faces of the rib and groove engaging. The opposite or front side of the web of. the gear is formed with an annular tapered or inclined conical outwardly facing bearing surface 20 of the same diameter and angle as the outermost conical bearing face 19, and directly opposite the same longitudinally of the gear wheel (web 16, and drum or hub 9). The vertical front wall of the headstock is provided w th a longitudinally adjustable bearing ring 21, having a flaring or conical bearing surface at its inner end fitting around and corresponding to the conical bearing face20 of the gear wheel web. The inner face of the front end wall er the headstock is provided with a suitable seat or socket for said ring 21, and this ring is provided with suitable adjusting and stop screws 22, extending through said end wall of the headstock and accessible and operative from the exterior thereof.

The conical bearing surfaces 19 and 20, and of the parts 18, and 21, are arranged be tween the hub or drum 9, and the rim of the web or gear wheel and are concentric with the longitudinal center or axis of rotation of the drum and maintain said drum properly centered within the headstock and sustain the longitudinal and radial thrusts thereof, and the bearings can be easilyladjusted to take up wear and to the desired tightness by the ring 21. Furthermore, the headstock and drum can be readily assembled and dismounted by reason of the annular formation of the sections of the headstock.

Any suitable means can be provided for driving the drum, although in the present instance, I show a pinion shaft 28, for this purpose suitably mounted in bearings provided therefor in the upper outer portion of the headstock beyond the gear therein and provided with a pinion 24, within the headstock and meshing with the gear teeth 17, for driving said gear and its hub or drum. This pinion shaft extends longitudinally through the headstock and at the exterior thereof is coupled in any suitable manner with the driving power. For instance, I show a pulley 25, on the rear end of the pinion shaft driven by belt 26, actuated by motor 27, mounted on a support 28, fixed to and rising from the rear portion of the base, although my invention is not limited to any particular power transmission and source of power. In the particular example illustrated, I also show a box or casing 29, arranged on the rear portion of the base and containing any suitable feed works which can be driven from the pinion shaft or in any other suitable manner, to feed any suitable carriage carrying any suitable tool for operating on the work clamped to the face plate.

The face plate 11, is vertically arranged and is removably secured to the gear hub or drum so that. a face plate can be readily removed and another substituted to suit the particular work to be done. Either open center or solid face plates can be employed and such face plates are formed in any suitable manner to receive the clamps or other means for securing the work thereto. F or instance, these plates can be formed in their front vertical faces with radially (or other) arranged T slots 30, to removably and adjustably receive the, clamps 31, whereby the work (such as a)is clamped to the front side of the face plate or other work holder. The face plate (work holder). can be of any desired over alldiam'eter permitted by the dista-nce'between the longitudinal sides of the base but preferably the diameter by the large drum driving gear 17, exceeds or supporting, adjusting, feeding and operat ing the tools thatact on the work carried and rotated by the face plate. For instance, the tophorizontal longitudinal edges of the sides of the base in advance of the headstock can be suitably formed to provide slide or guideways-33 to receive any suitable transversely arranged carriage or slide 34, adjustable thereon toward and from the face plate by any suitable mechanism. This slide can be formed to receive a holder or carriage 35, for any suitable tool 36, to operate on the face of the work carried by the face plate. This carriage can be adjustablelongitudinally of the slide 34, and parallel with and radially of the face plate, and any suitable feed mechanism can be provided for this purpose actuated if so desired, from the feed works in the box or casing 29. I have not disclosed feed mechanism as such forms no part of my present invention and any suitable tool holder and feed mechanism therefor can be employed.

If so desired, the slide 34, and the too carriage or holder mounted thereon can be removed, where it is desired to finish, bore or otherwise work on the inner surface of hollow work, and a boring bar 37, can be fitted in the bores 2, and secured by the caps 3, with the bar extending centrally, in

the line of the axis of rotation, through the work-and through the face plate and its driving drum. Any suitable tool holder nut, or slide 38, carrying tool 39, can be supported by this bar in sliding adjustment longitudinally thereof. This tool holder can be fed by any suitable means such as rotary feed screw 40, actuated in any suit-' able manner as by the pinion shaft,although I do not show the actuating means therefor as it forms no part of my present invention.

The feed screw can be removable with the boring bar so that the lathe can be fitted slide feed are permanent parts of-the machine-as well as to rfacing zlathes that aren'ot convertible forbor'ing, andrmy invention nor to anyparticular tool carriage and feed therefor, but broadly involves. the headstock and means for driving and carrying the revolving work holder By employing the face -plate-carryingand-driving annulus or gear of large diameter and the annular fixed head-stock'a very compact machine, as :tolength, can be produced-at a comparatively low cost and of maximum-strength and durability. By providing the bearings at the opposite sides or ends of this annulus wear is reduced to a minimum and objectionable vibration is avoided,-and aheavy duty lathe is produced capable of handling: exceedingly heavy work and of operating under high pressure and great power.

An exceedingly accurate steady lathe -is produced because the face plate is supported approximately'to its periphery by the very large diameter annulus having the driving power applied at its periphery or rim. Furthermore, the adaptability of the machine for various kinds of work is increased by the large center opening of the work holder or faceplate carrying and driving annulus or drum and the consequent possibility 'ofemploying a face plate with a corresponding large center opening into which the work can extend. One of the important advantages, :however, is ;the provision of a headstock and 'a work-holder-carrying-and driving annulus or drum that are both very narrow or short longitudinally of the ma-, chine so as to avoid the necessity of employing excessively long headstocks and shafts and consequently exceedingly long machines as has heretofore been necessary for large and heavy work.

It is evident that various changes, variations and modifications might be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention and hence I do not wish to limit myself to the exact disclosures hereof nor to the particular form of the bearings shown.

Desiring to protect my invention in the broadest manner legally possible what -I claim is 1. In lathes and the like, va base, a narrow headstock carried thereby, a narrow rotary annulus mountedtherein,driving means applied tothe rim of the annulus, and a work holder carried and driven by the annulus and arranged exteriorly of the head stock and annulus and beside the headstockfthe extreme diameter of the annulus approximating the extreme diameter of the work holder. 1 v

2. In lathes and the like, in combination, a bed, an annular fixed headstock trough-like in cross section, a hub arranged longitudi-J is not limited to'eithertype of mechanism applied to one end thereof and arranged exteriorly of the headstock, the end faces of the headstock and of said gear providing the main bearings of said hub and supporting the same against radial and longitudinal thrust.

. 4. A lathe comprising an annular opencenter headstock, and an annular open-center gear arranged in said headstock and provided with and driving a face plate arranged beside and exteriorly of the head stock, the end walls of the headstock and the side faces of the gear providing main bearings for said gear sustaining the longitudinal and radial thrust thereof, and driving means for said gear applied to the periphery thereof and carried by s: id headstock.

5. A lathe comprising a horizontally disposed base, an annular open-center headstock arranged vertically and transversely with respect to the base, a hollow hub arranged longitudinally within the open ce nter of the headstock and provided with an exterior supporting and driving gear arranged in the headstock, a driving shaft in the headstock having a pinion meshing with said gear, and a face plate removably secured to an end of said hub and arranged exterior-1y of and beyond one side of the headstock.

6. In combination a support, an annular open-center headstock composed of annular sections arranged side by side and forming said headstock approximately troughlike in cross section, a longitudinally open hub arranged in the open center of said headstock and adapted to carry and drive a face plate, said hub provided with an enlarged exterior gear for supporting and driving the hub, said gear being arranged in the headstock and provided with actuating means carried by the headstock, the end walls of the headstock and the opposite side faces of the gear providing main bearings for the gear and its hub.

7. In combination, a support, an annular trough-like headstock having an open center, a rotary hub arranged longitudinally therein and having an open center, a face plate, means for securing the face plate to the hub, said hub provided with an exterior supporting and driving gear arranged in the headstock, the opposite side faces of the gear and the end walls of the headstock providing bearings sustaining the longitudinal and radial thrust of the hub, and a pinion shaft arranged longitudinally in the headstock beyond the gear and provided with a driving pinion in mesh with said gear.

8. A lathe having an annular open center headstock, and a face plate supporting and driving annulus arranged in said headstock and approximating the diameter of the face plate, and a face plate carried by .aid nulus and arranged exteriorly thereof and beyond one side of the head stock and approximately parallel therewith.

9. A lathe provided with an annular open center headstock and an annular opencenter face-plate-carrying-and-drivi g; r0- tary member having driving means applied. to its periphery within the headstock and conical bearings between the opposite side faces of said member and the opposite end walls of said headstock sustaining the longitudinal and radial thrust of said member and supporting the same within the headstock.

10. A base, an annular hollow headstock carried thereby, an open-center rotary drum arranged in the open-center of the headstock, a face plate clamped to one end of said drum and carried and rotated thereby and arranged exteriorly of and beyond one sine of said head stock, said drum having an enlarged exterior driving gear supporti and rotating the same and mounted in said headstock, and means applied to the pe riphery of said gear for rotating the same.

11. A base, in combination with an annular hollow headstock carried thereby and having opposite approximately vertical end walls, a rotary open-center annulus arranged in said headstock between said walls, means carried by the headstock and applied to, the periphery of said annulus for rotating the same, and means whereby a work holder can be secured to and rotated by said annulus, the opposite side faces of said annulus and said end walls providing the main supporting and radial and longit idinal thrust sustaining bearings for said amiulus.

12. A base, in combination with an annular hollow headstock having opposite approximately vertical end walls, a rotary open-center annulus arranged in said headstock between said walls, means carried by the headstock and applied to the periphery of said annulus for rotating the same, and means whereby a work holder can be secured to and rotated by said annulus, the side faces of said annulus having annular conical bearing surfaces and the opposite end walls of the headstock providing corresponding conical bearing surfaces, one of said surfacesbeing carried by a longitudis nally adjustable bearing ring, substantially as described.

13. In lathes, and the like, in combination, a base, a headstock having an open center and opposite end walls, and a rotary annulus arranged in the headstock be- -tween the end walls thereof and provided with driving means carried by the headstock and applied to the periphery of the annulus, said annulus provided with means whereby a work holder can be secured thereto, carried and rotated thereby, said headstock and annulus providing main longitudinal and radial thrust sustaining bearings for the annulus comprising an annular V groove and an opposing corresponding annular V r1b.

14; In lathes and the like, in combination, a base, a hollow open-center headstock, an open-center rotary drum occupying the open-center of the headstock, means whereby a work holder can be fixed to said drum, said drum having an enlarged exterior supporting and driving gear arranged within the headstock, means carried by the headstock for rotating said gear, and main conical annular longitudinal and radial thrust sustaining bearings for said drum formed at the opposite side faces of the gear and headstock and comprising a longitudinally adjustable bearing ring carried by the headstock and engaging a side face of the gear. 7

15. In combination, a support, an annular casing approximately trough-like in section having one of its end walls provided with an interior annular V-rib bearing surface and having its opposite end wall provided with a longitudinally adjustable ring provided with an inner conical bearing surface,

a rotary drum extending through the open center of said casing and mounted to rotate therein and provided with and driven by an enlarged exterior gear wheel arranged within said casing and at one end face provided with an annular V-groove bearing surface receiving said rib and at the opposite end face provided with an outer annular conical bearing surface Within said surface of said ring, and a drive shaft provided with a pinion within said casing and meshing with said gear wheel.

' 16. In combination, a base having alined endbearings, a head stock arranged on said base between said bearings, said head stock Copies of this patent may be obtained for being in the form of'an open center annulus,

being alined withsaid bearings, said drum being provided with an enlarged exterior driving gear mounted in said head stock, a driving shaft in said head stockprovided with a" pinion meshing with said. gear, and an open center face plate arranged beyond one side of said head stock and secured'to and carried by said'drum.

17. In combination, a base, a head stock in the form of a ring approximately troughlike in section, a rotary drum carried by said head stock and occupying the open center thereof and provided with anexterior gear within the head stock, a drive shaft having'a pinion within the head stock in mesh with said gear, one end of said drum j provided with a seat, a face plate arranged exteriorly of and beside the head stock and having a rearwardly said seat, means bein ing said head stock to said drum.

18. In combination, a base, a in the form of a ring approximately troughlike in section, a longitudinally hollow rotary drum occupying the open center of said head stock and provided with and driven by an exterior gear Within the head stock, means carried by the head stock for 7 driving said gear, an open center face plate arranged beyond one end of the head stock, and means for securing said face plate to the adjacent end of said drum.

19. In combination, a base ing bar, a head stock in the form of an open center ring through which said boring bar longitudinally and centrally extends, an open center rotary drumoccupying the central opening of said head stock and pro-' vided with an exterior driving gear mounted within the head stock, means carried by the head stock for actuating said head, and a centrally open work holder carried and driven by said drum, said boring bar ex tending centrally and longitudinally through said drum and Work holder, substantially as described. 7

In testimony whereof Iaflixmy in presence of two Witnesses,

Y enonon GORTON.

signature Witnesses: I C. ,ERLANDSON, C. R. CARPENTER.

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G. r i

head stock having a borextending neck to fit v g provided. for clamp-. 0 

